Science, 9 OCT 2025, VOL 390, ISSUE 6769 《科学》2025年10月9日，第390卷，6769期 物理学Physics Wavefront shaping enables high-power multimode fiber amplifier with output focus 波前整形实现具备输出聚焦的高功率多模光纤放年夜器 ▲ 作者：STEFAN ROTHE, CHUN-WEI CHEN, PEYMAN AHMADI, KYEOREH LEE, KABISH WISAL, MERT ERCAN, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady2226 ▲择要：高功率光纤激光器是用在科学、工业及国防的强盛工具。单频光纤激光放年夜器进一步放年夜功率的重要障碍是受激布里渊散射。学界已经努力减轻这类非线性历程，但年夜多局限在具备优良光束质量的单模或者少模光纤放年夜器。 研究组摸索了一种高度多模光纤放年夜器，经由历程年夜光纤芯降低光强，多模引发拓宽布里渊散射谱，受激布里渊散射获得了极年夜的按捺。将空间波前整形技术运用在非线性放年夜器的输入光，可将输出光束聚焦到衍射极限光斑上。 该多模光纤放年夜器可于高功率、高效率及窄线宽下事情，确保了高相关性。光波前整形可以实现多模激光放年夜的相枢纽制，于相关光束组合、年夜规模干预干与丈量及定向能量传输方面具备运用潜力。 ▲ Abstract：High-power fiber lasers are powerful tools used in science, industry, and defense. A major roadblock for further power scaling of single-frequency fiber laser amplifiers is stimulated Brillouin scattering. Efforts have been made to mitigate this nonlinear process, but these were mostly limited to single-mode or few-mode fiber amplifiers, which have good beam quality. Here, we explored a highly multimode fiber amplifier in which stimulated Brillouin scattering was greatly suppressed due to a reduction of light intensity in a large fiber core and a broadening of the Brillouin scattering spectrum by multimode excitation. By applying a spatial wavefront shaping technique to the input light of a nonlinear amplifier, the output beam was focused to a diffraction-limited spot. Our multimode fiber amplifier can operate at high power with high efficiency and narrow linewidth, which ensures high coherence. Optical wavefront shaping enables coherent control of multimode laser amplification, with potential applications in coherent beam combining, large-scale interferometry and directed energy delivery. Photo-induced nonvolatile rewritable ferroaxial switching 光致非易掉性可重写铁轴开关 ▲ 作者：Z. ZENG , M. F?RST, M. FECHNER, D. PRABHAKARAN, P. G. RADAELLI AND A. CAVALLERI ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz5230 ▲择要：铁相的超快切换是一个具备技术潜力的活跃研究领域。然而，一些要害挑战仍旧存于，涵盖从铁磁体的有限速率到铁电体中去极化场致使的切换域内涵颠簸性。 与这些铁性体系差异，铁轴质料具备连结空间反演实时间反演对于称性的双稳态，是以不受去极化场的影响，但也难以用传统要领举行操控。 研究组经由历程设计一个由圆偏振驱动太赫兹声子模组成的有用轴场来证实光引诱的铁轴序切换。一个切换铁轴域可稳定维持数小时，并可用反旋的第二束太赫兹脉冲反转回来。这项事情所展示的效应有望构建一个稳健的超快信息存储平台。 ▲ Abstract：Ultrafast switching of ferroic phases is an active research area with technological potential. Yet, some key challenges remain, ranging from limited speeds in ferromagnets to intrinsic volatility of switched domains owing to depolarizing fields in ferroelectrics. Unlike these ferroic systems, ferroaxial materials host bistable states that preserve spatial-inversion and time-reversal sy妹妹etry and are therefore i妹妹une to depolarizing fields but also difficult to manipulate with conventional methods. We demonstrate photo-induced switching of ferroaxial order by engineering an effective axial field composed of circularly driven terahertz phonon modes. A switched ferroaxial domain remains stable for many hours and can be reversed back with a second terahertz pulse of opposite helicity. The effects demonstrated in this work may lead to the development of a robust platform for ultrafast information storage. 质料科学Materials Science Anion sublattice design enables superionic conductivity in crystalline oxyhalides 阴离子亚晶格设计实现晶体卤氧化物超离子导体 ▲ 作者：FEIPENG ZHAO, SHUMIN ZHANG, SHUO WANG, JOEL W. REID, WEI XIA, JUE LIU, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt9678 ▲ 择要：固态电池因其固有宁静性而成为吸惹人的储能体系，但其生长取决在进步前辈的固态电解质（SSEs）。年夜多数SSE于很年夜水平上仍局限在单阴离子系统（例如，硫化物、氧化物、卤化物及聚合物）。 经由历程混淆阴离子设计战略，研究组开发了晶体Li3Ta3O4Cl10（LTOC）和其衍生物，具备优秀的离子电导率（于25℃时高达13.7毫西门子/厘米）及电化学稳定性。 LTOC结构具备由同享极点氧原子及结尾氯原子组成的混淆阴离子螺旋链，可引诱形成具备低能垒的连续“四面体-四面体”锂离子迁徙路径。 此外，LTOC具备总体阴极兼容性，使固态电池可以或许于4.9伏特（vs. Li/Li+）电压及低至-50℃的低温下稳定运行。该发现描写了一类可用在高性能固态电池的很有远景的超离子导体。 ▲ Abstract：Solid-state batteries are attractive energy storage systems as a result of their inherent safety, but their development hinges on advanced solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). Most SSEs remain largely confined to single-anion systems (e.g., sulfides, oxides, halides, and polymers). Through mixed-anion design strategy, we develop crystalline Li3Ta3O4Cl10 (LTOC) and its derivatives with excellent ionic conductivities (up to 13.7 millisiemens per centimeter at 25°C) and electrochemical stability. The LTOC structure features mixed-anion spiral chains, consisting of corner-shared oxygen and terminal chlorine atoms, which induces continuous “tetrahedron-tetrahedron” Li-ion migration pathways with low energy barriers. Additionally, LTOC demonstrates holistic cathode compatibility, enabling solid-state batteries operation at 4.9 volts versus Li/Li+ and low temperature, down to ?50°C. These findings describe a promising class of superionic conductors for high-performance solid-state batteries. 地球科学Earth Science Tropical forest carbon offsets deliver partial gains amid persistent over-crediting 于连续太过碳信贷中，热带森林的碳抵消带来了部门天气效益 ▲ 作者：YUZHI TANG, CHAO YANG, HAISHAN WU, ZIHAO XU, LINLIN TAN, WEI TU, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw4094 ▲ 择要：REDD+（削减毁林及森林退化而至排放量和此外运动）项目孕育发生碳信用额来抵消排放，但近来的研究对于其有用性提出了质疑。 研究组利用综合节制要领评估了12个热带国家的52个志愿性REDD+项目。只有少数项目单元的森林砍伐于统计上显著削减，只有19%的项目单元到达了申报排放目标。 只管云云，许多体现欠安的项目仍孕育发生了部门天气效益，预计有13.2%的可生意业务碳信用获得了反事实分析的撑持。项目效果因地域而异，巴西及非洲的体现更优。只管体系性的超量碳信贷仍有待解决，但研究结果注解，天气效益优在此前评估。 改良基线要领及增强核查框架对于在提高森林碳抵消项目的可托度及影响至关主要。 ▲ Abstract：REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation anpp电子首页-d Degradation Plus) projects generate carbon credits to offset emissions, but recent studies have questioned their effectiveness. We evaluated 52 voluntary REDD+ projects across 12 tropical countries using synthetic control methods. Only a minority of project units showed statistically significant reductions in deforestation, and just 19% met their reported emissions targets. Nonetheless, many underperforming projects still delivered partial climate benefits, with an estimated 13.2% of tradable credits supported by counterfactual analysis. Effectiveness varied by region, with stronger performance in Brazil and Africa. Although systematic over-crediting remains a concern, our results suggest greater climate benefits than previous assessments. Improving baseline methodologies and strengthening verification frameworks will be essential for enhancing the credibility and impact of forest carbon offsets. 植物学Botany SALICYLIC ACID SENSOR1 reveals the propagation of an SA hormone surge during plant pathogen advance 水杨酸传感器1展现植物病原体进展历程中SA激素激增的流传 ▲ 作者：BIJUN TANG, JING LU, HANA LEONTOVY?OVá, GESA HOFFMANN, JAMES H. ROWE, SACHA FOUQUAY O’DONNELL, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw7650 ▲ 择要：水杨酸（SA）是一种要害植物激素，可调控针对于包罗丁喷鼻假单胞菌等病原体的免疫反映。SA堆集的时间及水平遭到植物的切确节制，但可被病原体按捺以降低免疫力。 因为现有检测要领存于间接性、破坏性、缺少细胞精度实时间分辩率等局限性，于高时空分辩率下解析SA动力学仍颇具挑战性。 研究组开发了SalicS1，这是一种针对于SA的基因编码荧光共振能量转移（FRET）生物传感器。SalicS1可以或许实时、可逆地监测体内SA水平，对于内源性旌旗灯号的滋扰最小。研究组展现了从细菌熏染位点流传的SA激增的时空保真度。SalicS1有助在切确理解作物对于病原体抗性的SA动力学。 ▲ Abstract：Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone that orchestrates i妹妹une responses against pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. The timing and extent of SA accumulation are tightly controlled by plants but can be suppressed by pathogens to overcome i妹妹unity. Understanding SA dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution remains challenging owing to limitations in existing detection methods that are indirect, destructive, or lacking in cellular precision and temporal resolution. We developed SalicS1, a genetically encoded fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor specific to SA. SalicS1 enables real-time, reversible monitoring of SA levels in vivo with minimal perturbation of endogenous signaling. We reveal the propagation of an SA surge spreading from bacterial infection sites with spatiotemporal fidelity. SalicS1 unlocks precise understanding of SA dynamics underpinning crop resilience to pathogens. 动物学Zoology Greater noctule bats prey on and consume passerines in flight 年夜夜行蝙蝠捕食航行中的雀形目鸟类 ▲ 作者：L. STIDSHOLT, E. TENA, I. FOSKOLOS, J. NOGUERAS, I. DE LA HERA, S. SáNCHEZ-NAVARRO, ET AL. ▲链接： https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adr2475 ▲择要：只管数十亿只雀形目鸟类夜间于高空举行季节性迁移，但人们仅发现三种蝙蝠于连续使用这一富厚的猎物质源。然而，尚不清晰这些蝙蝠于那边以和怎样定位、捕捉及吞食相对于较年夜的雀形目猎物。 研究组利用高分辩率生物标志来展现硕棕蝠可飞升到高空，举行永劫间的回声指导追赶，并于航行中捕食迁移的雀形目鸟类。 这些捕食者经由历程超声波回声定位、永劫间追赶及空中捕食等专属感官通道，可于高空捕食夜间迁移的雀形目鸟类，从而独享年夜多数捕食者没法获得的富厚食品资源。 ▲ Abstract：Despite billions of passerines seasonally migrating during the night at high altitudes, only three bat species have been found to consistently tap into this rich prey resource. However, it remains unknown where and how these bats locate, catch, and ingest relatively large passerine prey. Here, we used high-resolution biologging tags to reveal that greater noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus) ascend to high altitudes, engage in long echo-guided chases, and consume migrating passerines in flight. By using a private sensory channel through ultrasonic echolocation, prolonged chasing, and mid-air prey consumption, these predators can hunt nocturnally migrating passerines at high altitudes and therefore exploit a rich food resource that remains largely inaccessible to most predators.
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